Automatic recognition of facial emotion plays an effective and important role in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI). There are various emotion recognition approaches have been proposed in the literature. The analytic face model consisted of a 26-dimensional geometric feature vector. These properties are used effectively to identify facial changes resulting from different expressions. The variation and uncertainties of these features make the emotion recognition problem more complicated. For decreasing these complications, we propose a distance-based clustering and uncertainty measures of the base new method for Emotion Recognition from Facial Expression using automatically selects 19 diagnostics of Action Units (AUs) in a 2D facial image using Type-2 Fuzzy inference system. The proposed system includes an automated generation scheme of the geometric facial feature vector. The proposed system has classified six facial expressions using the MUG Facial Expression database. The experimental results show that the proposed model is very efficient in uncertainty management policy and recognizes six basic emotions with an average precision rate of 86.175%.

One of the most studied problems in robotics is robot path planning. Many strategies have been invented. Image processing and machine vision technology also have been utilized in this regard. Studies are still underway to improve path planning methods. This paper proposes an implementing visual servoing-based technique using the A* algorithm to achieve efficient searching capabilities of path planning in complicated maps with a combination of LabVIEW and MATLAB software. The proposed algorithm is divided into three parts. Firstly, the environment model or robot motion environment is conducted. In this stage, the visual information extracted from a single ceiled camera. Secondly, the position and orientation of the objects (robot, obstacles etc.) under the visibility of the camera are generated from visual information. Thirdly, the A* algorithm is used as a path planning method. This algorithm is not guaranteed the generated path to be safe and desirable with obstacle-free. To solve this problem image processing techniques are utilized. This gives an effective improvement and high performance to A* in a complex environment and gives a safe path as a comparison to the traditional version of A*. The experimental results, considering the optimal path lengths and execution time, show that the proposed design is more effective and faster to generate the shortest path.

This study aims to reveal the effect of the STEM approach on 21st-century skills of middle school students and to determine their experiences about STEM. This application, which lasted 6 weeks with 7th-grade students, was realized with 35 students. In the study, by using the explanatory mixed-method, firstly, quantitative data was taken and qualitative data were tried to be explained. In the first stage of the study, the pre-test and post-test results were examined in the group by using a dependent group t-test. “Multidimensional 21st Century Skills Scale” was used as a pre-test and post-test tool. In the second stage of the study, student experiences for STEM applications were revealed using the semi-structured interview form, which is one of the qualitative data collection methods. In the findings of the study, it was seen in the results of the analysis that the STEM approach contributed positively to 21st-century skills. Besides, a significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test in five subdimensions in the scale. However, in the results of the interviews, it was stated that the students were enjoyable to study with STEM, increased communication within the group, and encouraged the student to research and think. It was also observed that some students had difficulties during the application, complained about the lack of time, and had difficulty in designing

Automatic recognition of facial emotion plays an effective and important role in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI). There are various emotion recognition approaches have been proposed in the literature. The analytic face model consisted of a 26-dimensional geometric feature vector. These properties are used effectively to identify facial changes resulting from different expressions. The variation and uncertainties of these features make the emotion recognition problem more complicated. For decreasing these complications, we propose a distance-based clustering and uncertainty measures of the base new method for Emotion Recognition from Facial Expression using automatically selects 19 diagnostics of Action Units (AUs) in a 2D facial image using Type-2 Fuzzy inference system. The proposed system includes an automated generation scheme of the geometric facial feature vector. The proposed system has classified six facial expressions using the MUG Facial Expression database. The experimental results show that the proposed model is very efficient in uncertainty management policy and recognizes six basic emotions with an average precision rate of 86.175%.

One of the most studied problems in robotics is robot path planning. Many strategies have been invented. Image processing and machine vision technology also have been utilized in this regard. Studies are still underway to improve path planning methods. This paper proposes an implementing visual servoing-based technique using the A* algorithm to achieve efficient searching capabilities of path planning in complicated maps with a combination of LabVIEW and MATLAB software. The proposed algorithm is divided into three parts. Firstly, the environment model or robot motion environment is conducted. In this stage, the visual information extracted from a single ceiled camera. Secondly, the position and orientation of the objects (robot, obstacles etc.) under the visibility of the camera are generated from visual information. Thirdly, the A* algorithm is used as a path planning method. This algorithm is not guaranteed the generated path to be safe and desirable with obstacle-free. To solve this problem image processing techniques are utilized. This gives an effective improvement and high performance to A* in a complex environment and gives a safe path as a comparison to the traditional version of A*. The experimental results, considering the optimal path lengths and execution time, show that the proposed design is more effective and faster to generate the shortest path.

This study aims to reveal the effect of the STEM approach on 21st-century skills of middle school students and to determine their experiences about STEM. This application, which lasted 6 weeks with 7th-grade students, was realized with 35 students. In the study, by using the explanatory mixed-method, firstly, quantitative data was taken and qualitative data were tried to be explained. In the first stage of the study, the pre-test and post-test results were examined in the group by using a dependent group t-test. “Multidimensional 21st Century Skills Scale” was used as a pre-test and post-test tool. In the second stage of the study, student experiences for STEM applications were revealed using the semi-structured interview form, which is one of the qualitative data collection methods. In the findings of the study, it was seen in the results of the analysis that the STEM approach contributed positively to 21st-century skills. Besides, a significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test in five subdimensions in the scale. However, in the results of the interviews, it was stated that the students were enjoyable to study with STEM, increased communication within the group, and encouraged the student to research and think. It was also observed that some students had difficulties during the application, complained about the lack of time, and had difficulty in designing.

Area calculation is frequently used in engineering areas as well as especially in the construction sector. It is used in the effectiveness and efficiency research of companies, in the design and management of work areas and warehouses. In the marketing sector, it is used to deliver independent areas. The success of the delivery process is measured by customer satisfaction. In engineering services, area calculation is frequently used during the design phase. The designs of logistics storage areas and residential independent areas can be exemplified in the design of independent area. It is very important to calculate the right area when making these designs. Large area calculation devices are used in geographical area calculations and the appearance of historical monuments of restoration works. Laser scanners, drones and drones are used in the app. It is not appropriate to use these devices in small areas, such as specified areas. It is more suitable to use devices that measure single-axis length in the account of independent areas of industrial and residential structures. The simple area account is multiplied by data from two axis measurements. Individual measurement and calculation errors occur in manual measurements. Mistakes made in the production process cause serious economic problems. At the same time, companies suffer from prestige losses. A system is needed to eliminate these errors. For this reason, the idea of designing a device that can measure and calculate with a multiaxis measurement has emerged. Measuring, mapping and calculating planar and non-planar independent areas can be made with the developed device. Thus, practical and accurate calculation and mapping can be done at low cost. The laser distance sensor connected to the microcontroller is made with the help of a stepper motor and an area account with 360° scanning of the area. 20 different areas were calculated both by making a single-axis measurement and with the help of the device. These calculations were compared with single-axis measurements made with the help of civil engineers and error rates were obtained. As a result of the study, it was observed that the device made measurements with an average error of 3.64%. The lowest error rate was 1.50%, while the highest error rate was 6.04%. It is thought that better results will be achieved by using different equipment and methods in the design of the device. It is believed that it has the potential to pave the way for work to be done in many areas

Area calculation is frequently used in engineering areas as well as especially in the construction sector. It is used in the effectiveness and efficiency research of companies, in the design and management of work areas and warehouses. In the marketing sector, it is used to deliver independent areas. The success of the delivery process is measured by customer satisfaction. In engineering services, area calculation is frequently used during the design phase. The designs of logistics storage areas and residential independent areas can be exemplified in the design of independent area. It is very important to calculate the right area when making these designs. Large area calculation devices are used in geographical area calculations and the appearance of historical monuments of restoration works. Laser scanners, drones and drones are used in the app. It is not appropriate to use these devices in small areas, such as specified areas. It is more suitable to use devices that measure single-axis length in the account of independent areas of industrial and residential structures. The simple area account is multiplied by data from two axis measurements. Individual measurement and calculation errors occur in manual measurements. Mistakes made in the production process cause serious economic problems. At the same time, companies suffer from prestige losses. A system is needed to eliminate these errors. For this reason, the idea of designing a device that can measure and calculate with a multiaxis measurement has emerged. Measuring, mapping and calculating planar and non-planar independent areas can be made with the developed device. Thus, practical and accurate calculation and mapping can be done at low cost. The laser distance sensor connected to the microcontroller is made with the help of a stepper motor and an area account with 360° scanning of the area. 20 different areas were calculated both by making a single-axis measurement and with the help of the device. These calculations were compared with single-axis measurements made with the help of civil engineers and error rates were obtained. As a result of the study, it was observed that the device made measurements with an average error of 3.64%. The lowest error rate was 1.50%, while the highest error rate was 6.04%. It is thought that better results will be achieved by using different equipment and methods in the design of the device. It is believed that it has the potential to pave the way for work to be done in many areas

Area calculation is frequently used in engineering areas as well as especially in the construction sector. It is used in the effectiveness and efficiency research of companies, in the design and management of work areas and warehouses. In the marketing sector, it is used to deliver independent areas. The success of the delivery process is measured by customer satisfaction. In engineering services, area calculation is frequently used during the design phase. The designs of logistics storage areas and residential independent areas can be exemplified in the design of independent area. It is very important to calculate the right area when making these designs. Large area calculation devices are used in geographical area calculations and the appearance of historical monuments of restoration works. Laser scanners, drones and drones are used in the app. It is not appropriate to use these devices in small areas, such as specified areas. It is more suitable to use devices that measure single-axis length in the account of independent areas of industrial and residential structures. The simple area account is multiplied by data from two axis measurements. Individual measurement and calculation errors occur in manual measurements. Mistakes made in the production process cause serious economic problems. At the same time, companies suffer from prestige losses. A system is needed to eliminate these errors. For this reason, the idea of designing a device that can measure and calculate with a multiaxis measurement has emerged. Measuring, mapping and calculating planar and non-planar independent areas can be made with the developed device. Thus, practical and accurate calculation and mapping can be done at low cost. The laser distance sensor connected to the microcontroller is made with the help of a stepper motor and an area account with 360° scanning of the area. 20 different areas were calculated both by making a single-axis measurement and with the help of the device. These calculations were compared with single-axis measurements made with the help of civil engineers and error rates were obtained. As a result of the study, it was observed that the device made measurements with an average error of 3.64%. The lowest error rate was 1.50%, while the highest error rate was 6.04%. It is thought that better results will be achieved by using different equipment and methods in the design of the device. It is believed that it has the potential to pave the way for work to be done in many areas.

Solving optimization problems is still a big challenge in the area of optimization algorithms. Many proposed algorithms in the literature don’t consider the relations between the variables of the nature of the problem. However, a recently published algorithm, called “Bayesian Multiploid Genetic Algorithm” exploits the relations between the variables and then solves the given problem. It also uses more than one genotype unlike the simple Genetic Algorithm (GA) and it acts like an implicit memory in order to remember the old but good solutions. In this work, the well-known Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MKP) is solved by the Bayesian Multiploid Genetic Algorithm. And the results show that exploiting relations between the variables gets a huge advantage in solving the given problem.